Türkçe'deki "değil mi, -de/-da,
tamam mı" gibi ifadelerin karşılığıdır. Pekçok dilde fazla bir öneme sahip
olmamasına karşın İngilizce dilinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Diğer dillerde
pek önemli bir ayrıntı olmamasına rağmen İnglizce boyutu önemli olan bir
konudur.
İngilizce? de "question tags" ler Türkçe'de olduğu gibi yalnızca bir kelime ile
yapılmamaktadır. Ancak mantığı anlaşıldıktan sonra çok basit bir konudur.
Aşağıda konunun mantığını açıklamaya çalışalım.
a.)
.......değil mi ifadesi yardımcı fiil ile
kurulur ve cümle olumlu ise TQ olumsuz; cümle olumlu ise TQ olumlu olur.
He
came to the meeting, didn?t he?
(O taplantıya geldi, değil mi?)
She
doesn?t study, does she?
(O çalışmıyor, değil mi?)
Yardımcı fiilin cümlede kullanılan
tense?nin yardımcı fiili olduğuna dikkat ediniz. Yani İnglizce?de TQ?nı
oluştururken herhangi bir yardımcı fiil değil de cümlemizin tense?sinin yardımcı
fiilini kullanıyoruz.
b.)
TQ?larda daima şahıs zamirleri kullanılır.
The
workers work hard, don?t they?
(İşçiler sıkı çalışır, değil mi?)
?Don?t the workers? değil de
?don?t they? yazıldı. Çünkü TQ?larda daima şahıs zamirleri kullanılır. Bu
durumda cümledeki öznenin zamirini tespit etmek önem kazanmaktadır. Ayrıca
öznenin tekil ? çoğul oluşu da önemlidir.
Everybody was ill, weren?t they?
(Herkes hastaydı, değil mi?)
Every, no türevlerinde fiil tekil
çekilir. (Çünkü bunların zamirleri belgisiz zamirlerdir ve belgisiz zamirlerin
fiilleri tekil çekilir.) Ama özne çoğul olacağından TQ?nı oluşturulurken zamir
olarak ?they? kullanılır. ?they? kullanımı da yardımcı fiili çoğul
ister. Bu nedenle yukarıdaki cümlede ?weren?t they? kullanıldı.
c.)
Fiilin olumlu ? olumsuz tespiti de çok
önemlidir.
Bazı cümlelerde olumsuzluk eki
olan ?not? olmadığı halde cümle olumsuzdur ve böyle cümlelerin TQ?ı
olumlu olarak kurulur.
- No
money was spent, was it?
(Para harcanmadı, değil mi?)
- They
can hardly run, can they?
(Onlar pek koşamıyorlar, değil mi?)
Bazı durumlarda question
tags'ler cümlenin yardımcı fiilinden farklı kullanılır. Bu istisna durumları
ezberlemek gerekir. Aşağıda bu cümleler verilmiştir.
- I am rich, aren't I? (Ben zenginim, değil mi?)
(Normalde cümlenin yardımcı fiili am olduğu halde "amn't"
yardımcı fiili bulunmadığından "aren't" kullanılır.)
- She used to swim everyday, didn't she? (O hergün
yüzerdi, değil mi?)
("used to" kalıbından sonra did veya didn't kullanılır.)
- Let's go, shall we? (Hadi gidelim, tamam mı?)
("Let's kalıbında da yardımcı fiil olmadığından question
tag olarak "shall" kullanılır. Türkçe çevirileri de cümlenin kullanımına göre
farklı olabilir.)
- Close the door, will you? (Kapıyı kapat, olur
mu?)
- Don't speak, will you? (Konuşma, tamam mı?)
(Olumlu veya olumsuz emir cümlelerinde will kullanılır.)
|
TAG
QUESTİONS TABLE |
|
Simple Present
with BE |
I am right,aren't I?
She is at home,isn't
she?
They are rich,aren't
they? |
I am not stupid, am
I?
She is not here, is
she?
They aren't poor, are
they? |
|
Simple Present
with
verbs other than BE |
She know English,doesn't
she?
You get up late,don't
you? |
She doesn't know
French, does she?
You don't smoke, do
you? |
|
Present Cont |
I am swimminf well,aren't
I?
We are working hard,aren't
we? |
I am not making too
much noise, am I?
We aren't making
noise, are we? |
|
Simple Past with
BE |
I was sick yesterday,wasn't
I?
She was tired,wasn't
she? |
I wasn't careless,
was I?
She wasn't happy, was
she? |
|
Simple Past with
verbs other than BE |
You saw her yesterday,didn't
you?
I answered you
question,didn't I? |
You didn't drive
carelessly, did you?
I didn't break it,
did I? |
|
Past Cont |
I was listening,wasn't
I?
They were walking,weren't
they? |
I wasn't sleeping,
was I?
They weren't running,
were they? |
|
Present Perfect |
You have aired the
room,haven't you?
He has finished his
school,hasn't he? |
You haven't eaten,
have you?
He hasn't done it,
has he? |
|
Pres Perf Cont |
You have been
sleeping,haven't you? |
You haven't been
watching TV, have you? |
|
Past Perfect |
I had aired the
room,hadn't I? |
I hadn't broken it,
had I? |
|
Past Perf Cont |
We had been
working,hadn't we? |
We hadn't been
working, had we? |
|
Future
|
They will come
tomorrow,won't they? |
They won't come
tomorrow, will they? |
|
Future Cont |
You will be
working,won't you? |
You won't be working,
will you? |
|
Future Perfect |
She will have eaten
dinner by then,won't she? |
She will not have
gone by then, will she? |
|
Future Perfect
Cont |
We will have been
doingg it,won't we? |
We won't have been
doing it, will we? |
|
Can |
Ali can help us,can't
she? |
Ali can't speak
English, can he? |
|
Should |
You should work
harder,shouldn't you? |
You shouldn't smoke,
should you? |
|
Must |
We must be careful,musn't
we? |
We mustn't make any
noise, must we? |
|
Need |
She need study,
needn't she? |
She needn't study,
need she? |
|
Be Going To |
Tom is going to come
here, isn't he? |
Tom isn't going to do
it, is he? |
|
Would |
Tom would prefere
coffee, wouldn't he? |
I wouldn't buy it,
would I? |
|
Could |
They could see you,
couldn't they? |
They couldn't do it,
could they? |
|
Should Have |
They should have
studied harder, shouldn't they |
They shouldn't have
gone there, should they? |
|
Could Have |
I could have done it,
couldn't I? |
I couldn't have done
it, could I? |
|
Must Have |
You must have
finished your work, mustn't you? |
You mustn't have made
this mistake, must you? |
|
Have To |
You have to eat less,
don't you? |
You don't have to
study tonight, do you? |
|
Had To |
She had to go home
early, didn't she? |
She didn't have to
get up early, did she? |
|
Used To |
She used to be a
singer, didn't she? |
She didn't used to be
a writer, did she? |
|
Ought To |
She ought to smoke
less, oughtn't she? |
She oughtn't to stay
home, ought she? |
|
Might |
She might be late,
mightn't she? |
She might not be
ready, might she? |
|
There |
There is a library
here, isn't there? |
There isn't anything
in the room, is there? |
|
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